内地民间防艾力量弱,政府宜适度“放手”

内地民间防艾力量弱,政府宜适度“放手” 
2009年12月21日 09:41:12  来源: 南京日报  
 
    她在香港艾滋病人群中家喻户晓,十多年的志愿服务生涯中她有三分之二的时间奔波在全国各地,宣讲艾滋病防治。

    她是香港艾滋病基金会总干事连爱珠,联合国艾滋病规划署官员,上个月刚刚获得国家卫生部部长陈竺颁布的“中国艾滋病防治国际合作突出贡献奖”。近日,连爱珠应省委党校邀请,为南京地区各区县、部门的“决策者”普及艾滋病防治知识,并接受了本报记者的专访。

    ——对话香港艾滋病基金会总干事连爱珠

    内地民间防艾组织松散,力量微弱

    记者:我了解到,您所在的香港艾滋病基金会成立十多年来运作非常成功,并成为香港地区最有影响力的民间防艾组织。相比之下,您觉得内地的民间防艾组织在哪些方面还有欠缺?

    连爱珠:在艾滋病防治上,民间组织往往比政府部门有更大的活动空间,在全世界范围内都是这样。就我了解的看,我认为现在内地的民间防艾组织还只是起步阶段,还很不成熟,缺乏非政府组织的独特定位。虽然我也看到很多志愿者工作非常努力,但总的来说,他们的力量很微弱。

    记者:为什么这么说?

    连爱珠:内地的民间防艾组织一共有三种形式:一是国际性慈善组织在内地设的办事处,他们基本上只有“拨款”的功能;二是政府部门扶持的防艾机构,参与者大多是从政府退休下来的公务人员,他们对外称是民间机构,实际上完全依赖政府资助,在防艾观念上和政府部门一脉相承,难以真正发挥非政府组织的独特作用;三是纯粹的自发性的民间防艾团体,这种团体大多缺乏稳定资金来源,缺乏合法地位,容易自生自灭。所以到现在,内地还没有一个具备全国性影响力的民间防艾组织。

    记者:如何改变这一现状?

    连爱珠:香港艾滋病基金会从成立一开始就有合法地位,完全独立运作,不愁资金来源,这是我们发展迅速的一个很重要因素。所以,我觉得内地民间防艾组织也应该如此,首先要从立法层面保证它的合法性,这样它才可以正式注册,募集资金,才能可持续发展;其次政府部门和民间组织要有明确分工,政府不要企图抓得太多,因为政府人手有限,什么事情都去管就什么都管不好,也挤占了民间组织可以发挥更大作用的空间。

    内地政府部门抓得太“多”,应谋求真正的有效干预

    记者:您提到政府部门现在在艾滋病防治上抓得太多,比如说呢?

    连爱珠:比如说疾控中心。内地的疾控部门人手不多,但是在艾滋病防治上承担了太多的事情,甚至到娱乐场所给性服务小姐开展防艾知识宣传,给她们发放安全套等。其实这些具体事情完全可以由民间组织去做,他们可以发展更多志愿者,有能力做得更好。

    记者:我了解到,这些工作量都要进入疾控中心工作人员的考核目标的。

    连爱珠:这些对他们来说基本上都是“任务”,不得不去完成,所以经常只求“做了”,具体“做的效果”怎么样,就没有精力去考虑了。比如有一次我和内地一个疾控中心的工作人员一起去调查娱乐场所性服务小姐的安全套使用率。结果她一到那里,首先让老板喊出所有的服务小姐,让她们一字排开,然后逐个问“你在服务时用安全套吗”。可想而知最后她得到的调查结果非常令人“满意”,临走她又给每个小姐发些安全套,然后长吁一口气,因为手上繁重的工作又完成一项了。

    艾滋病防治面对的是人,不是一个物件,要一个人去接受一种观念,一种行为方式,那是需要通过和他交朋友,取得他的信任,才可能潜移默化地让他接受的。

    记者:这确实是一种普遍现象。

    连爱珠:所以我认为内地的政府部门,在艾滋病的防治上已经走到了一个新的关口,就是如何将对艾滋病的防治从意识上的改变,转到行为上的改变,谋求真正的有效干预举措。

    现在不管什么官员,只要一谈到艾滋病,大家都已经意识到干预很重要,但是具体该怎么做,我们还在人云亦云,至今还没有任何创造性的防艾经验。看人家给娱乐场所发安全套,我们就去发安全套,看到人家开同性恋酒吧我们就去开酒吧。针对我们的国情、我们的舆论环境,我们应该有更具针对性的工作举措,而不能一味停留在模仿阶段。

    艾滋病就是一种病,不是上帝对人类的惩罚

    记者:对内地的艾滋病防治,您还有其他建议吗?

    连爱珠:不管是政府部门还是民间组织,我觉得有一个共同的地方亟需纠正,那就是对艾滋病感染者隐私的保护不太重视。防艾,首先就是要尽量多发现艾滋病感染者,这样才能提醒他们进行自我防护,遏制快速蔓延。但是要让这些人愿意放心地出来检测,最重要的就是保护他们的隐私。内地在这方面做得还很不够。

    有一次我和一个疾控中心的人一起谈工作,中间他接待了一个来访者,几分钟后等来访者刚离开,他就和我说:“哎,那个刚哭哭啼啼的人你看到了吧,真可怜,查出艾滋病了。”这种随随便便透露艾滋病人隐私的做法令人匪夷所思。

    记者:在香港这个问题是怎么解决的?

    连爱珠:香港在《个人隐私条例》中对艾滋病人的隐私是有立法保护的。从我们基金会工作来说,一个人通过我们的服务被查出是艾滋病感染者,那么他的病情只有基金会的总干事以及当事医生两个人知道。如果泄露给其他人,就是违法了。

    记者:内地如何加强对艾滋病人隐私的保护?

    连爱珠:我们还习惯用一种带有道德审判的眼光去看待艾滋病人,常常将艾滋病视作一种报应或者是惩罚。

    我认为公众尤其是接触艾滋病隐私的艾滋病防治工作者,首先要学会尊重艾滋病人,尊重别人的生存方式,不要用我们的道德观去看待别人。艾滋病不是上帝对人类的惩罚,它不应该被赋予过多的情绪化色彩,它就是一种疾病,我们只要集中精力去对付这种疾病就好了,每个艾滋病人背后的故事不应该是我们探究的内容。(张桂 倪秀萍)
Strength of weak non-governmental AIDS Prevention in the Mainland, the Government should appropriate "let go"
December 21, 2009 09:41:12 Source: Nanjing Daily
 
    
She was a household name in Hong Kong, the crowd of AIDS, 10 years of volunteer service career, she has two-thirds of the time moving back and forth across the country, preaching AIDS.

    
She is the Director-General in Hong Kong AIDS Foundation, with Aizhu, UNAIDS officials, last month, has just won the State Minister of Health Chen Zhu, promulgated "China's AIDS Prevention Award for outstanding contributions to international cooperation." Recently, even the Aizhu Provincial Party School should be invited to the Nanjing region counties, departments of "decision makers" universal access to AIDS prevention knowledge, and accepted an exclusive interview with this reporter.

    
- Dialogue with the Director-General in Hong Kong AIDS Foundation Aizhu

    
Mainland non-governmental AIDS Prevention organization is loose, weak force

    
Reporter: I understand that you are located in Hong Kong AIDS Foundation, founded 10 years of operation was very successful and become Hong Kong's most influential non-governmental organizations, anti-aids. In contrast, anti-aids do you think civil society organizations in the Mainland, there is still a lack of what?

    
Even Aizhu: In the AIDS prevention and control, the non-governmental organizations tend to have more than a government department space in the world are like this within the scope. Far as I know, I think that mainland China, non-governmental organizations are also just the beginning stages of AIDS Prevention, is still immature, the lack of non-governmental organizations a unique position. Although I also see a lot of volunteer work very hard, but overall, their strength was weak.

    
Reporter: Why do you say?

    
Even Aizhu: Mainland organizations, civil society AIDS Prevention, a total of three forms: First, an international charitable organization set up offices in the Mainland, they are basically only "allocation" function; Second, the government departments to support the AIDS Prevention institutions that participate in who are mostly retired from government civil servants, who said it was non-governmental organizations outside, in fact entirely dependent on government funding, the AIDS Prevention and government departments on the concept of the same strain, can not truly non-governmental organizations play a unique role; 3 is purely spontaneous AIDS Prevention of non-governmental organizations, such bodies were the lack of a stable source of funding, lack of legal status, easy to fend for themselves. So up to now, the mainland do not have a national impact with non-governmental organizations, anti-aids.

    
Reporter: How to change this situation?

    
Even Aizhu: Hong Kong AIDS Foundation from the very beginning the legal status of the establishment of a fully independent, no worries about the sources of funding, this is our rapidly developing a very important factor. So, I think the mainland should be so non-governmental organizations are also anti-aids, first of all from the legislative level to ensure its legitimacy, so that it can be formally registered, raised funds to sustainable development; followed by government departments and civil society organizations should be a clear division of labor, Government should not attempt to grasp too much, because the Government has limited manpower to manage anything bad on what is control, but also crowding out non-governmental organizations can play a greater role in space.

    
Mainland authorities arrested too "many" and should seek the real effective interventions

    
Reporter: You mentioned the government department now grasp too much on AIDS prevention and control, for example, then?

    
Even Aizhu: For example, CDC. Mainland disease control staff in their departments much, but bear in HIV prevention and control too many things, even to places of entertainment to the nature of propaganda and anti-aids to carry out the waitress, give them condoms and so on. In fact, these concrete things can be done by civil society organizations, they can develop more volunteers to do better.

    
Reporter: I understand that these workloads have to enter the CDC staff appraisal objectives.

    
Even Aizhu: These are basically for them, "mission" had to complete, so often merely "doing" specific "to do the effect of" how, there is no energy to consider the matter. For example I once and the Mainland, along with a CDC staff to investigate Miss entertainment services condom use. Result, she was one there, first of all, the boss lady shouted all the services, so that they are lined up, and then one by one asked "Do you use condoms when you do in the service." One can imagine the end she got results very "satisfactory", and before leaving she made some condoms Miss You Ji each, and then Zhang Yu breath as the heavy hand of the work was completed one of the.

    
AIDS is a human face, not an object, to a person to accept a concept, a behavior, it was through, and his friends, obtain his confidence, it may exert subtle influence on him to accept.

    
Reporter: This is indeed a universal phenomenon.

    
Even Aizhu: So I think that the mainland government departments on the prevention and treatment of AIDS has reached a new juncture, that is, how will the fight against AIDS from the change in consciousness, go to behavior changes, the search for genuine and effective intervention initiatives.

    
Now, no matter what the officials, so long as it comes to AIDS, we have been aware of intervention is very important, but specifically how to do this, we are still rife, and people have yet to experience any creative AIDS Prevention. See people issued condoms to places of entertainment, we went to Fat condoms, I saw other people we went to open gay bar to open bar. For our situation, our public opinion environment, we should have more targeted work initiatives, and not stubbornly remain in the imitation stage.

    
AIDS is a disease, not God's punishment for human

    
Reporter: Mainland's AIDS prevention and treatment, you have other suggestions?

    
Even Aizhu: Whether a government department or non-governmental organizations, I think there is an urgent need to correct a common place, that is, pairs of people living with HIV do not attach importance to the protection of privacy. AIDS Prevention, first of all is to discover as much as HIV-infected persons, so as to remind them of self-protection, to contain the rapid spread. However, these people are willing to safely let out of testing, the most important thing is to protect their privacy. Mainland in this respect was inadequate.

    
One time, I talk about a CDC working with people who, in the middle, he received a visitor a few minutes just after the other visitors left, he and I said: "hey, that people who just crying you see it, Poor, to identify the AIDS. "casually revealed that the privacy practices of people with AIDS is incredible.

    
Reporter: In Hong Kong, the problem is how to solve it?

    
Even Aizhu: Hong Kong in the "Privacy Regulations" of the privacy of people with AIDS, there is legislative protection. From our Foundation, a person has been found through our service is living with HIV, his condition only the Foundation's Director General and two people know that the doctor concerned. If the leak to other people, that is violated.

    
Reporter: Mainland to strengthen the protection of privacy of people with AIDS?

    
Even Aizhu: We are also used in a trial with a moral vision to treat people with AIDS, AIDS, often regarded as a retribution or punishment.

    
I think the public and especially the privacy of exposure to AIDS prevention and care of AIDS, we must first learn to respect people with AIDS, respect for others means to survival, do not use our moral values to look at other people. AIDS is not God's punishment to mankind, it should not be given too many emotional colors, it is a disease, we can just concentrate on is like to deal with this disease, and the story behind each of AIDS is that we should not be explore the content. (Gui-Ni Xiuping)

 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2009-12-21    文章录入:nnb ]

 

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协和专家门诊部艾滋病治疗中心主任、教授、专家,中医药疑难病专治网站长等。论文《艾滋病中医论治探析》登载《中国性病艾滋病》2003版杂志,发明的艾滋病治疗新药康生丹自2002年临床应用至今疗效显著,现有中国唯一艾滋病新药3代…
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