黑猩猩也会死于艾滋病

黑猩猩也会死于艾滋病

 
 
 
 
 

黑猩猩也会死于艾滋病
http://www.sina.com.cn  2009年07月23日13:18  新闻晚报
  □杜鹃 新华社供本报特稿

  英国《自然》杂志22日刊登一篇研究报告说,黑猩猩也会死于类似于人类艾滋病的猿类艾滋病。

  这一发现打破了人们传统的观点。传统观点认为,与人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)高致死率不同,猿类免疫缺陷病毒不会致使灵长类动物出现病症。

  黑猩猩感染艾滋也会死亡

  科学界认为,艾滋病最初由非人的灵长目动物传染给人。猿类与猴类也会感染类似人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的艾滋病病毒,那被称之为猿类免疫缺陷病毒(SIV),但它们普遍不出现病症。但在坦桑尼亚贡贝国家公园工作的一批灵长目动物学家首次发现,黑猩猩也会因感染猿类免疫缺陷病毒而死亡。

  研究人员在过去9年间跟踪调查94只黑猩猩,对其粪便展开基因分析,以此分辨黑猩猩个体并检测其携带猿免疫缺陷病毒的情况。结果发现,黑猩猩携带这种病毒后死亡率提升10至16倍。此外,雌性黑猩猩一旦携带病毒后生育能力急剧下降,它们产下的幼仔存活率也相对较低。

  在人类艾滋病中,当病毒开始“入侵”人体时,负责调节人体免疫反应的CD4T细胞便会 “出击抵抗”病毒。随后,人体将释放一种协调免疫系统的荷尔蒙,“召唤”更多T细胞。但艾滋病病毒反而会感染所有T细胞,直至扩散至全身。

  研究人员发现,那些因感染猿类免疫缺陷病毒而死亡的黑猩猩体内的T细胞白血球蛋白水平也较低,与人类艾滋病致病过程相似。

  其它猴类猿类照样生存

  研究人员认为,猿类免疫缺陷病毒也可致死黑猩猩这一发现或许可以协助人类找到治疗艾滋病的更好方法,甚至帮助人类找到艾滋病疫苗。

  杜埃克称,猴类与猿类,除黑猩猩外,虽然携带猿类免疫缺陷病毒,却可以照样生存,这可能是基于它们在进化过程中逐渐掌握了应付病毒的方法,其细胞受体可能在进化过程中发生了变化。而黑猩猩之所以出现死亡病例,或许与它是灵长目内与人类最接近的一科有关。

  科学家提出两种假说

  猿类免疫缺陷病毒给黑猩猩带来的危害要明显小于人类免疫缺陷病毒给人类造成的危害。对此,科学家们提出两种假说:

  其中之一是猿类免疫缺陷病毒在黑猩猩群中已存在数百万年,黑猩猩早已进化出对付这种病原的抗体。在这种假说下,死亡病例属个例。另一种说法是,黑猩猩接触猿类免疫缺陷病毒的时间不长,黑猩猩所携带的病毒可能由红顶白眉猴、长尾猴或其他种类猴子所携带的免疫缺陷病毒新近变异而来。

  在艾滋病专家杜埃克看来,黑猩猩种群不久前才接触到这种病毒,所以未能及时产生抗体。人类与黑猩猩最初可能以相同方式感染上这种病毒,即食用携带有猿类免疫缺陷病毒的灵长目动物。
 

Chimpanzees will have died of AIDS
07 years http://www.sina.com.cn 2009 on Evening News 23 day 13:18
□ Rhododendron AP

The United Kingdom "Nature" magazine published a study 22 reported that chimpanzees will die of AIDS is similar to human AIDS apes.

The discovery broke the traditional view of people. Traditional view is that, with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) high fatality rate is different from apes is not a result of HIV disease occur primates.

Chimpanzees infected with HIV will be killed

The scientific community believe that AIDS was first introduced by the non-human primates infected people. Apes and monkeys will be infected with human immunodeficiency virus similar (HIV) of the AIDS virus, it is called apes immunodeficiency virus (SIV), but they are generally no symptoms. However, in Tanzania's Gombe National Park, the work of zoologists found for the first time a group of primates, chimpanzees also had been infected with simian immunodeficiency virus have died.

Researchers in the past 9 years follow-up survey among 94 chimpanzees, carried out genetic analysis of their faeces in order to distinguish and detect the individual chimpanzees carry simian immunodeficiency virus. It was found that chimps carry the virus mortality after 10 to 16 times to upgrade. In addition, the female chimpanzee virus, once after a sharp decline in fertility, birth of the baby they have relatively low survival rate.

AIDS in humans, when the virus began to "invasion" when the body responsible for regulating the body's immune response CD4T cells will "attack resistance" virus. Subsequently, the body will be the coordination of the immune system to release a hormone, "calls" more T cells. However, it will be infected with HIV in all T cells, up to spread to the whole body.

The researchers found that those who had been infected with simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees died of T cells in vivo protein level and lower white blood cell counts, and similar to human AIDS pathogenesis.

Other monkeys apes still survive

The researchers believe that the apes immunodeficiency virus can also be found in the death of the chimpanzees may be able to assist the human to find better ways to treat AIDS, and even help mankind to find an AIDS vaccine.

Returning that monkeys and apes, with the exception of chimpanzees, the apes while carrying immunodeficiency virus, but they can still survive, this may be based on their evolutionary process gradually mastered the method to cope with the virus, the cell receptor may in the evolutionary process has changed. The death was the result of chimpanzees, perhaps it is the closest human primates with a Branch.

Two scientists hypothesis

Simian immunodeficiency virus to chimpanzees brought significantly less than the harm to human immunodeficiency virus harm to human beings. In this regard, scientists have put forward two hypotheses:

One of these is the simian immunodeficiency virus in the chimpanzee population has been in existence for millions of years, the evolution of chimpanzees have long been out of the antibodies against this pathogen. In this hypothesis, the case is death. Another argument is that apes chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus contact time is not long, the virus carried by chimpanzees may be red top zanthopygia monkey, Cercopithecus monkeys or carried by other types of immunodeficiency virus variant from the new.

Returning expert in AIDS, the chimpanzee population only recently come into contact with the virus, it failed to produce antibodies. The first humans and chimpanzees may be infected with the same way that the virus, that is, carrying food immunodeficiency virus apes primates.
 
 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2009-7-23    文章录入:nnb ]

 

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个人简介
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