联合国粮食和农业组织的天然矿泉水法典
该法典于1981年通过了。 2001年修订。 1997年修订版，2008年。
翻译：张海勤
【前言】由于这几年关于矿泉水和矿物质水的争论不休，特找出联合国粮农组织的矿泉水法典来核对。
1。范围
本标准适用于所有作为食品出售的包装天然矿泉水范围。它并不适用于天然矿泉水出售或作其他用途。
2。描述
2.1天然矿泉水的定义：
天然矿泉水是来自地下天然的饮用水 ，明确区分普通饮用水和自来水，因为：
1）它的特点是由含有一定比例的某些矿物盐和微量元素或其他成分组成的;
2）它是直接从地下取水或者钻孔取水或者自然冒出来的，在其可能受到污染的范围内受到严格的措施保护，其成分相对比较稳定。
3）其组成稳定性和其放电及其温度稳定性，适合未成年人的人体自然波动周期的饮用;
d）在它储存的条件下，保留了原有的微生物和化学成分等重要组成部分;
e）它是包装严格要求的卫生预防措施，特别是水源的保护;
f）它是不添加任何成分的饮用水，绝对保留天然原有有益成分。
2.2补充定义
2.2.1自然碳酸矿泉水
天然碳酸矿泉水是一种天然矿物水，后与第3.1.1和再根据可能的治疗纳入气体从同一来源及包装技术考虑到通常的宽容，具有相同内容的二氧化碳由于自发和明显的温度和压力下正常情况了。
2.2.2非碳酸矿泉水
非碳酸矿泉水天然矿泉水是一种天然的，自然和治疗后可能在按照第3.1.1包装后，考虑到一般的技术宽容，不包含在免费的二氧化碳量超过必要保持碳酸氢盐溶解在水中的存在。
2.2.3 Decarbonated天然矿泉水
阿decarbonated天然矿泉水是一种天然矿物水，后与第3.1.1根据包装后的治疗有较少的碳比，在出现的二氧化碳含量并没有明显地和自发地释放出碳的温度和二氧化碳的正常条件压力。
2.2.4天然矿泉水与二氧化碳从源头上强化
天然矿泉水与二氧化碳从源头上强化是一种天然矿物水，后与第3.1.1根据包装后的治疗，有更多的碳比二氧化碳在出现的内容。
2.2.5碳酸矿泉水
阿碳酸天然矿泉水是一种天然矿物水，后与第3.1.1根据包装后的治疗，均取得了由二氧化碳除了从另一个来源泡腾片。
2.3授权
天然矿泉水，应当确认为这种由国家主管部门，其中天然矿泉水已经出现。
3。成分及质量的因素
3.1治疗和处理
3.1.1允许包括治疗，如含有铁，锰，硫砷或调迁，并从化合物，不稳定成分分离/或过滤，如有必要，由以前的曝气加快。
3.1.2在第2.2.1，2.2.2，2.2.3，2.2.4，2.2.5和3.1.1以上才能进行，条件是水的矿物质含量不修改了提供治疗在它的基本成分，从而使该水的性质。
3.1.3在散装容器包装天然矿泉水或任何其他程序运输前的包装是禁止的。
3.2与健康有关的某些物质限制
天然矿泉水，其包装应包含国家不得超过该物质的下列款项更表示下文：
3.2.1锑0.005毫克/升
3.2.2砷0.01毫克/升，以总计算
3.2.3钡0.7 mg/l1
3.2.4硼酸5毫克/升，计算为B
3.2.5镉0.003毫克/升
3.2.6铬0.05毫克/升，作为计算总铬
3.2.7铜1毫克/升
3.2.8氰化物0.07毫克/升
3.2.9氟化物参见第6.3.2
3.2.10铅0.01毫克/升
3.2.11锰0.4毫克/升
3.2.12汞0.001毫克/升
3.2.13镍0.02毫克/升
3.2.14硝酸盐50毫克/升，如硝酸盐计算
3.2.15亚硝酸盐0.1毫克/升的亚硝酸盐
3.2.16硒0.01毫克/升
以下物质不得低于quantification2极限测试时，根据在第7条规定的方法：
3.2.17表面活性agents3
3.2.18农药和多氯联苯
3.2.19矿产oil3
3.2.20多环芳烃hydrocarbons3
4。卫生
4.1建议通过本标准的条文所涵盖的产品应按照编制的推荐性国际守则的适用部分 - 一般食品卫生（原则行政事务申诉专员/ RCP的1-1969），并按照推荐国际守则的采集，加工和天然矿泉水（食典委/ RCP的33-1985）营销。
4.2源或出现问题应得到保护，免受污染的风险。
4.3装置用于天然矿泉水的生产上应排除任何污染的可能性。为此目的，特别是：
一）收集装置，管道和水库应当从适应水材料和以这样一种方式，以防止水中的异物介绍;
二）生产设备及其使用，清洗和包装，特别是设施，应当符合卫生要求;
c）如果它是在生产过程中发现，水被污染，生产者应当停止，直到所有的操作造成的污染被消除;
d）在遵守上述规定应按照接受定期检查与原籍国的要求
4.4微生物要求
在市场营销，天然矿泉水：
1）应是这样的质量，这将不存在危及消费者的（没有健康的致病微生物）;
b）此外应当符合下列微生物质量标准：
第一次考试
决策
E.coliorthermotolerant
1 × 250毫升
mustnotbedetectableinanysample
总大肠菌群
1 × 250毫升
Fecalstreptococci
1 × 250毫升
如果> 1或“<2
第二次考试进行
Pseudomonasaeruginosa
1 × 250毫升
亚硫酸盐还原
1 × 50毫升
如果> 2
驳回
第二次考试
ñ
C4的
米
M
总大肠菌群
4
一
0
2
粪链球菌
4
一
0
2
亚硫酸盐还原厌氧菌
4
一
0
2
绿脓杆菌
4
一
0
2
第二次检查时间应为第一次使用相同的考试卷。
护士：样本单位的数量从一个必须进行检查，以满足一个给定的抽样方案很多。
丙：最高可以接受的数字，或最高的样本单位，可能会超出允许数量的微生物标准米当这个数字被超过时，该地段将被拒绝。
米：最大数量或有关细菌水平/克;价值是高于这个水平要么勉强接受或不可接受的。
男：1，用于分离不可接受的优质食品勉强可以接受的质量数量。 m值以上的任何样本都是不能接受的相对要么健康危害，卫生指标，或损坏的潜力。
5。包装
天然矿泉水应装在密封容器适合零售防止可能掺假或水的污染。
6。标签
除了对预包装食品标签通用标准的食品（食品斯坦1-1985），应适用下列规定：
6.1产品名称
6.1.1产品的名称应为“天然矿泉水”。
6.1.2下列名称不得用于与2.2节的规定，可以以适当的描述性用语（如，仍然和波光粼粼的陪同下）：
自然碳酸天然矿泉水;
非碳酸天然矿泉水;
Decarbonated天然矿泉水;
天然矿泉水与二氧化碳从源头上强化;
碳酸矿泉水。
6.2名称和地址
源的位置和名称的来源应宣布。
6.3额外的标签规定
6.3.1化学成分
组成特征的分析给予的产品应在标签中声明。
6.3.2如果产品含有超过1毫克/升的氟，下列术语应在标签上出现的一部分，或在接近，该产品或其他名义突出位置：“有氟”。此外，下面的句子应该是包含在标签：“该产品是没有根据的7岁”该产品含有超过1.5毫克/升氟化物为婴儿及儿童不宜。
6.3.3如果天然矿泉水已经被提交给在同一个分节3.1.1的规定处理，该处理结果应在标签上宣布。
6.4标签的禁令
6.4.1无索赔有关药用（预防，缓解或治疗）应在标准所涵盖的产品性能方面所取得的效果。对涉及消费者健康的其他有益的功效声称，除非不得作出真实，没有误导。
6.4.2在本地区，村庄或指定的地方可能不构成商号名称的一部分，除非它指的是天然矿泉水在该商标名称指定的地点等等。
6.4.3任何声明或任何图案装置可能会对公众或以任何方式使用头脑混乱误导的性质，来源，组成和天然矿泉水出售物业的公共水域是禁止的。
7。作者分析和抽样方法
见的分析和取样方法相关法典文本。
【未整理完毕…………………】
【版权所有：任何抄袭、转载、摘编都属侵权！】
【英语版本】
1 Codex Standard 108-1981
Adopted 1981. Amendment 2001. Revisions 1997, 2008.
CODEX STANDARD FOR NATURAL MINERAL WATERS
CODEX STAN 108-1981
1. SCOPE
This standard applies to all packaged natural mineral waters offered for sale as food. It does not apply to natural mineral waters sold or used for other purposes.
2. DESCRIPTION
2.1 Definition of natural mineral water
Natural mineral water is a water clearly distinguishable from ordinary drinking water because:
a) it is characterized by its content of certain mineral salts and their relative proportions and the presence of trace elements or of other constituents;
b) it is obtained directly from natural or drilled sources from underground water bearing strata for which all possible precautions should be taken within the protected perimeters to avoid any pollution of, or external influence on, the chemical and physical qualities of natural mineral water;
c) of the constancy of its composition and the stability of its discharge and its temperature, due account being taken of the cycles of minor natural fluctuations;
d) it is collected under conditions which guarantee the original microbiological purity and chemical composition of essential components;
e) it is packaged close to the point of emergence of the source with particular hygienic precautions;
f) it is not subjected to any treatment other than those permitted by this standard.
2.2 Supplementary definitions
2.2.1 Naturally carbonated natural mineral water
A naturally carbonated natural mineral water is a natural mineral water which, after possible treatment in accordance with Section 3.1.1 and re-incorporation of gas from the same source and after packaging taking into consideration usual technical tolerance, has the same content of carbon dioxide spontaneously and visibly given off under normal conditions of temperature and pressure.
2.2.2 Non-carbonated natural mineral water
A non-carbonated natural mineral water is a natural mineral water which, by nature and after possible treatment in accordance with Section 3.1.1 and after packaging taking into consideration usual technical tolerance, does not contain free carbon dioxide in excess of the amount necessary to keep the hydrogen carbonate salts present in the water dissolved.
2.2.3 Decarbonated natural mineral water
A decarbonated natural mineral is a natural mineral water which, after possible treatment in accordance with Section 3.1.1 and after packaging, has less carbon dioxide content than that at emergence and does not visibly and spontaneously give off carbon dioxide under normal conditions of temperature and pressure.
2.2.4 Natural mineral water fortified with carbon dioxide from the source
A natural mineral water fortified with carbon dioxide from the source is a natural mineral water which, after possible treatment in accordance with Section 3.1.1 and after packaging, has more carbon dioxide content than that at emergence.
2.2.5 Carbonated natural mineral water
A carbonated natural mineral water is a natural mineral water which, after possible treatment in accordance with Section 3.1.1 and after packaging, has been made effervescent by the addition of carbon dioxide from another origin.
2.3 Authorization
Natural mineral water should be recognized as such by the responsible authority of the state, in which the natural mineral water has emerged.
2 Codex Standard 108-1981
3. COMPOSITION AND QUALITY FACTORS
3.1 Treatment and handling
3.1.1 Treatments permitted include separation from unstable constituents, such as compounds containing iron, manganese, sulphur or arsenic, by decantation and/or filtration, if necessary, accelerated by previous aeration.
3.1.2 The treatments provided for in Sections 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4, 2.2.5 and 3.1.1 above may only be carried out on condition that the mineral content of the water is not modified in its essential constituents, which give the water its properties.
3.1.3 The transport of natural mineral waters in bulk containers for packaging or for any other process before packaging is prohibited.
3.2 Health-related limits for certain substances
Natural mineral water in its packaged state shall contain not more than the following amounts of the substances indicated hereunder:
3.2.1 Antimony 0.005 mg/l
3.2.2 Arsenic 0.01 mg/l, calculated as total As
3.2.3 Barium 0.7 mg/l1
3.2.4 Borate 5 mg/l, calculated as B
3.2.5 Cadmium 0.003 mg/l
3.2.6 Chromium 0.05 mg/l, calculated as total Cr
3.2.7 Copper 1 mg/l
3.2.8 Cyanide 0.07 mg/l
3.2.9 Fluoride See section 6.3.2
3.2.10 Lead 0.01 mg/l
3.2.11 Manganese 0.4 mg/l
3.2.12 Mercury 0.001 mg/l
3.2.13 Nickel 0.02 mg/l
3.2.14 Nitrate 50 mg/l, calculated as nitrate
3.2.15 Nitrite 0.1 mg/l as nitrite
3.2.16 Selenium 0.01 mg/l
The following substances shall be below the limit of quantification2 when tested, in accordance with the methods prescribed in Section 7:
3.2.17 Surface active agents3
3.2.18 Pesticides and PCBs3
1 Pending further review of new scientific evidence by an appropriate scientific body to be determined by FAO/WHO.
2 As stated in the relevant ISO methods.
3 Temporarily endorsed pending elaboration of appropriate method(s) of analysis.
3 Codex Standard 108-1981
3.2.19 Mineral oil3
3.2.20 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons3
4. HYGIENE
4.1 It is recommended that the products covered by the provisions of this standard be prepared in accordance with the applicable sections of the Recommended International Code of Practice – General Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/RCP 1-1969), and in accordance with the Recommended International Code of Practice for the Collecting, Processing and Marketing of Natural Mineral Waters (CAC/RCP 33-1985).
4.2 The source or the point of emergence shall be protected against risks of pollution.
4.3 The installations intended for the production of natural mineral waters shall be such as to exclude any possibility of contamination. For this purpose, and in particular:
a) the installations for collection, the pipes and the reservoirs shall be made from materials suited to the water and in such a way as to prevent the introduction of foreign substances into the water;
b) the equipment and its use for production, especially installations for washing and packaging, shall meet hygienic requirements;
c) if, during production it is found that the water is polluted, the producer shall stop all operations until the cause of pollution is eliminated;
d) the observance of the above provisions shall be subject to periodic checks in accordance with the requirements of the country of origin.
4.4 Microbiological requirements
During marketing, natural mineral water:
a) shall be of such a quality that it will not present a risk to the health of the consumer (absence of pathogenic microorganisms);
b) furthermore it shall be in conformity with the following microbiological quality specifications:
First examination
Decision
E.coliorthermotolerant
1×250ml
mustnotbedetectableinanysample
Total coliform bacteria
1 × 250 ml
Fecalstreptococci
1×250ml
if > 1 or < 2
a second examination is carried out
Pseudomonasaeruginosa
1×250ml
Sulphite-reducing
1×50ml
if > 2
rejected
4 Codex Standard 108-1981
Second examination
n
c4
m
M
Total coliform bacteria
4
1
0
2
Fecal streptococci
4
1
0
2
Sulphite-reducing anaerobes
4
1
0
2
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
4
1
0
2
Second examination shall be done using the same volumes as for the first examination.
n: number of sample units from a lot that must be examined to satisfy a given sampling plan.
c: the maximum acceptable number, or the maximum allowable number of sample units that may exceed the microbiological criterion m. When this number is exceeded, the lot is rejected.
m: the maximum number or level of relevant bacteria/g; values above this level are either marginally acceptable or unacceptable.
M: a quantity that is used to separate marginally acceptable quality from unacceptable quality foods. Values at or above M in any sample are unacceptable relative to either health hazard, sanitary indicators, or spoilage potential.
5. PACKAGING
Natural mineral water shall be packed in hermetically sealed retail containers suitable for preventing the possible adulteration or contamination of water.
6. LABELLING
In addition to the Codex General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods (CODEX STAN 1-1985), the following provisions shall apply:
6.1 The name of the product
6.1.1 The name of the product shall be “natural mineral water”.
6.1.2 The following designations shall be used in accordance with Section 2.2 and may be accompanied by suitable descriptive terms (e.g., still and sparkling):
Naturally carbonated natural mineral water;
Non-carbonated natural mineral water;
Decarbonated natural mineral water;
Natural mineral water fortified with carbon dioxide from the source;
Carbonated natural mineral water.
6.2 Name and address
The location of the source and the name of the source shall be declared.
6.3 Additional labelling requirements
6.3.1 Chemical composition
The analytical composition giving characteristics to the product shall be declared in the labelling.
6.3.2 If the product contains more than 1 mg/l of fluoride, the following term shall appear on the label as part of, or in close proximity to, the name of the product or in an otherwise prominent
5 Codex Standard 108-1981
position: “contains fluoride”. In addition, the following sentence should be included on the label: “The product is not suitable for infants and children under the age of seven years” where the product contains more than 1.5 mg/l fluorides.
6.3.3 If a natural mineral water has been submitted to a treatment in accordance with sub-section 3.1.1, the result of the treatment shall be declared on the label.
6.4 Labelling prohibitions
6.4.1 No claims concerning medicinal (preventative, alleviative or curative) effects shall be made in respect of the properties of the product covered by the standard. Claims of other beneficial effects related to the health of the consumer shall not be made unless true and not misleading.
6.4.2 The name of the locality, hamlet or specified place may not form part of the trade name unless it refers to a natural mineral water collected at the place designated by that trade name.
6.4.3 The use of any statement or of any pictorial device which may create confusion in the mind of the public or in any way mislead the public about the nature, origin, composition and properties of natural mineral waters put on sale is prohibited.
7. METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND SAMPLING
See relevant Codex texts on methods of analysis and sampling.
