口 语

马芙蓉 原创 | 2012-10-05 09:13 | 收藏 | 投票
   
一提到口语,首先想到的就是语音,其实,不需要钻牛角尖,一定追求发音像一个本地人,只要我们的发音不至于让对方产生误解就可以了。若要求改善自己的语音,需要记住一点:模仿。但一定要模仿标准的英语或美语。在模仿的基础上,每天保持1个小时的自我口语练习,这个练习必须假想一个双向交流的场合,即仿佛有人与你交流一样。那么,在实际交际时,我们该注意些什么呢?
第一,用英文简单界定事物。
  美国人和美国人交谈80%是想告诉对方这个事物是什么。尽管现在英语课本的词汇难度不断加深,但思维逻辑结构却只停留在一个水平上。中国人常说:Where is the book? 很少有人说:What is a book? 而美国的小学生会问:What is the book? Where is the book? 只是思维的描述阶段。但是我想连大学生也很难回答What is a book?因为中国传统英语教学模式没有教会学生表达思想的技巧。
第二,训练用不同的方式解释同一事物。
  一种表达式对方不懂,美国人会寻找另一种表达式最终让对方明白。因为事物就一个,但表达它的语言符号可能会很多。这就需要多做替换练习。传统的教学方法也做替换练习,但这种替换不是真替换,只是语言层面的替换,而不是思维层面的替换。比如,I love you。按我们教学的替换方法就把you换成hermy mother等,这种替换和小学生练描红没有什么区别。这种替换没有对智力构成挑战,没有启动思维。这种替换句子的基本结构没变,我听不懂I love you,肯定也听不懂I love her。如果替换为I want to kiss you,I want to hug you,I will show my heart to you等,或者给对方讲电影《泰坦尼克》,告诉对方那就是爱,这样一来对方可能就明白了。这才叫真正的替换。也就是说用一种不同的方式表达同一个意思,或者一个表达式对方听不清楚,举一个简单易懂的例子来表达,直到对方明白。 
第三,学会美国人描述东西的方式。
  从描述上来讲,由于中美的文化不同会产生很大的差异。我们描述东西无外乎把它放在时间和空间两个坐标上去描述。美国人对空间的描述总是由内及外,由里及表。而中国人正好相反。从时间上来说,中国人是按自然的时间顺序来描述。我们描述一个东西突然停住时,往往最后说的那个地方是最重要的。美国人在时间的描述上先把最重要的东西说出来,然后再说陪衬的东西。只有发生悲剧性的事件,美国人才在前面加上铺垫。这就是中国人和美国人在时间描述上的巨大差别。
第四,学会使用重要的美国习语。
  不容易学、易造成理解困惑的东西就是习语。比如北京人说盖了帽儿了,外国人很难理解,这就是习语。所以和美国人交流时,能适当地运用美国习语,他马上就会觉得很亲切,也很爱和你交流。
 第五,学会两种语言的传译能力,具备一定的猜测能力,巧用现有知识。如:数字one
  1. Number one 最重要的人(或事物);最好的人(或事物)
  Many people consider themselves number one, the most important person
  很多人认为他们自己就是最好的,是最重要的一个人。
  2. Look out for/ Take care of number one 先为自己着想,照顾自己的利益,为自己打算
  One and only 绝无仅有的;独一无二的;有名的
  They are always looking out for number one and taking care of number one. It is as if they are the one and only person on Earth。  他们总是先为自己着想,只关心自己的利益,就好像他们是地球上唯一的人。数字one 的奇妙用法
  3. Pull a fast one 欺骗,捣鬼
  Jim only won the game because he pulled a fast one on his opponent
  吉姆因为跟对手耍了手段,才贏了比賽。
  4. At one time 同时,曾经
  At one time we met frequently。  我们过去常见面。
  5. One in a million百万分之一,凤毛麟角,百里挑一,佼佼者
  She's one in a million。  她是个百里挑一的人。
  6. One good turn deserves another. 善须善报;要以德报德;好人应得好报。
  If he does you a favor, you should do him a favor. One good turn deserves another。  如果他帮你的忙,那么你就应帮他的忙,以德报德嘛。
  7. Roll up into one 合为一体;兼于一身
 She is a great person -- kind, thoughtful and intelligent -- all good qualities rolled up into one。她是个很优秀的女人善良,体贴,聪慧——集所有可贵品质于一身。
  8. Be/go back to square one 退回起点,从头再来
  His papers were lost in the accident, so he had to go back to square one with the work。  他的论文在这次事故中弄丢了,只得从头再写。
其次,关注时事:A multi-height shoe with changeable heels, created by a Canadian-born shoe designer, on display in Paris. Tanya Heath is on a double mission: To prove that women can wear heels without ruining their feet, and that a heel that switches from high to low can be made entirely in France. The Paris-based Canadian started with a simple idea. When your shoes start to hurt - halfway through a party, a wedding or a workday - press a button in the sole, slot out your dressy high heel and replace it with a walking version.
  旅居巴黎的加拿大女子坦尼亚希斯经过三年的研究制作出了一款可随意调换鞋跟高度的高跟鞋。当你走在上班路上,觉得鞋跟太高、脚不舒服的时候,只要按一下鞋跟上的按钮,把高跟卸下来,换上一副适合走路的鞋跟就可以了。据悉,这款鞋的全部加工和生产都在法国完成,涵盖凉鞋、舞鞋、细高跟、粗跟等样式,最低售价在250欧元(约合320元)左右。自今年2月开始出货以来,这款鞋已经卖出了800双。希斯表示,为了应对来自国外的大量订单、也为了能将成本降低好让更多平民女性拥有这款鞋,她将考虑在法国以外的地方开辟生产平台。
还要关注日常生活:A
1 My life is a constant battle between my love of food and not wanting to be fat. 
我的生活存在着一场持久的战争,在爱吃与怕胖之间的战争。
2 There are things that we don't want to happen but have to accept, things we don't want to know but have to learn. and people we can't live without but have to let go.  有些事,不想发生,却不得不接受;有些东西,不想了解,却不得不学习;有些人不能失去,却不得不放手
B 1. What's in at the moment?  现在流行什么?
  你可能也会听到人们谈到the in-thing,它指那些现在流行、时尚的东西,并不局限于时装,还包含音乐,语言表达等。
  2. I like baggy style jeans.  我喜欢宽松式的牛仔裤。
  Baggy 表示衣服穿着很宽松,有的时候流行的是宽松类型的衣服,并不一定就代表衣服不合身。
  3. The magazine offers some advice on the latest high street fashion trends .  这本杂志提供了一些大众时尚流行趋势方面的建议。
  High street fashion 的意思就是指大众能接受的时装流行趋势。
  4. People dress to the nines for the Christmas party.人们都盛装迎接圣诞晚会。
  Dress to the nines 那就是说穿得非常漂亮、华丽,即盛装。
  5. I like your handbag. This style is all the rage at the moment.
  我喜欢你的包。这个款式现在最流行了。
  All the rage,如果什么东西现在非常时尚,就可以用这个词来形容。
 更要分清谈话对象
It's a new week. However, is your life repeating itself? Are you doing the same things that you did last week?  又是新的一周。可是,你的生活是否又在循环往复呢?你是否又在重复上周做过的事情?
  Performing the same actions and giving the minimum to get by. After all, you have done all this before. Same Actions, Same Results.
  老调重弹,聊以度日。要知道,这些事情你早已做过了。同样的事情,同样的结果。
  If you are just going through the motions, you are wasting your time. Same actions. Different day. Repeat. Repeat. Same low effort. Same low results.
  如果你每天都经历着同样的过程,那就是在浪费时间。新日子、老调子。重复。重复。效率低下,结果甚微。
   You could probably do it in your sleep. (Many people in the workplace appear to do this.) If you do the same things every day, then your life is going to be boring by definition. 甚至在睡梦里你都在重复着一切。(很多职场人士都有这种倾向。)如果你每天重复同样的事情,那你的生活必然会无聊至极。
  After all, you do the same things. Eat the same foods. Go to the same places. Talk to the same people. And you wonder why your life is boring? Average, even.  毕竟,你做的事情都千篇一律。吃同样的食物。去同样的地方。跟同样的人讲话。你也会想,为什么你的生活无聊甚至平庸了?
  If you don't want the same repetitive routine, then it's on you to change things up. After all, doing the same things each day and expecting different results is… well, just stupid. (Sorry, but it is.) Here are 7 Ways to “Not Go Through the Motions Today…”  如果你讨厌日复一日循环度日,那是时候作出改变了。毕竟日无新事的时候竟还期待意外惊喜降临,真的很愚蠢。下面7招就教你避免做一天和尚撞一天钟
  1. Change It Up — Sometimes even small changes to your routine can produce big results. Get up 30 minutes early. Stay 30 minutes late. Do things out-of-order for once. 有所改变 —— 有时候,哪怕最小的改变都能带来不错的结果。比如,早30分钟起床、晚30分钟回家、打破常规做事情。
  2. Always Give It Your All — Going through the motions produces average results because you aren't doing your best work. Never compromise yourself. Always do things right the first time and with class.全力以赴 —— 敷衍塞责只能造成平庸,因为你并没有尽最大努力。永远别跟自己妥协。永远在第一时间最出色地完成任务。
  3. Do Something New — If you want different results, you have to do different things. Today, do something new. Something you wouldn't have normally done. When presented with two choices, choose the one that is new to you. 尝试新事物 —— 若想得到不同结果,你就得尝试不同事物。今天就开始尝试点新花样吧。做点你平时不会去做的事情。倘若你有两种选择,何不选择新奇的那个呢?
  4. Stretch Your Limits — Going through the motions means that you aren't pushing yourself. You are stronger than you even know, but until you test yourself, you will not know your true capabilities.
  挑战极限 —— “做一天和尚撞一天钟说明你对自己不够严格。你远比自己想象的坚强,但只有当你经历了挑战,你才会知道自己的真正实力。
  5. Talk to Someone… Else - If you always talk to the same people, you are always going to have the same conversations. Who is the person that you always see at work, but never talk to? Engage them today. They might just be someone who you want to know, either personally or professionally.
  找其他人聊天 —— 总是和同样的人谈话,那谈话的内容也总是差不多吧。你工作时常常碰见却很少交谈的人是谁?今天就试着跟他们聊聊吧。或许他们正是你私下里或工作上想要了解的人呢。
  6. Learn Something — If you don't want to always be doing the same things, you have to learn new skills. Learn something new every single day.
 日有所获 —— 不想重复同样的事情?那你可得学点新技能了。每天试着学点新东西吧。
  7. Choose Your Own Path — We often forget that we have a choice in our path. Rather than just repeating the course where everyone else has gone before us, blaze your own path.  走自己的路 —— 我们总是忘了自己有权选择自己的道路。我们不必重蹈他人的覆辙。所以,请闯出你自己的道路吧。
  Ensure that you aren't just going through the motions today. We all have limited time in our days and lives. Don't settle for the same old same old. Choose to do something new, and always give it your best.
  确保你今天不再磨洋工混日子。我们的时间和生活是有限的。请不要躺在过去的温柔乡里。去尝试新鲜事物。并全力以赴!
 

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从事英语教育几十年,最大的收获是在充实别人的人生的同时也丰富了自己。所以在此我要感谢我的学生们,是你们让我的生活充满了乐趣和奇迹!更感谢我的老师,是你们让我获得了进入美好“花园”的钥匙!
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